TCP/IP INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:
1. Explain range of TCP/IP classes
Answer
:
CLASS A = 1 to 126
CLASS B = 128 to 191
CLASS C = 192 to 223
CLASS D = 224 to 239 (Multicasting)
CLASS E = 240 to 255 (Research)
2. What are Pvt. IP
address ?
Answer
: Pvt. IP are IPs which are not used in Internet or which are not routable in
Internet. They are also called as non-routable IP's. Class A = 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B = 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C = 192.168.0.0. to 192.168.255.255
3. What is function
of Router ?
Answer
: Router is a device or PC which is used to connect two or more IP networks.
4. What is Default
Gateway :
Answer
: Default gateway is the address of router.
5. What is Subnet
Mask ?
Answer
: Subnet mask is used to differentiate Network ID and Host ID from a given IP
address.
The default subnet mask are as under
Class A = 255.0.0.0
Class
B = 255.255.0.0
Class
C = 255.255.255.0
6. What is Loopback
address ?
Answer
: The loopback address is 127.0.0.1. This address is used to check local TCP/IP
suite
or local machine.
7. What protocol is
used by PING ?
Answer
: Ping uses ICMP(Internet Control Management Protocol)
8. What is used of
Tracert ?
Answer
: Tracert is a to find path information between source and desitnation. It show
no.
of
hops between source and desitination. Tracert also uses ICMP protocol.
9. Difference
between NetBEUI and TCP/IP
Answer
:
TCP/IP NetBEUI
a.
industry standard Microsoft propertiery
b.
IP address NO addressing
c.
supports routing Non routable
d.
Large network small network
e.
more confiugration no configuration
10. What is full
form of PING ?
Answer
: Packet Internet Network Gopher
BASICS OF NETWORKING
1. Difference
between Switch and Hub
Switch HUB
a.
Works at layer 2 works at layer 1
b.
Uses MAC address for packet uses
broadcast for packet forwarding
forwarding
c.
Does not required CSMA/CD requires
CSMA/CD
d.
Faster than HUB
Slower than Switch
e.
Full-duplex Half-duplex
f.
high throughput low throughput
2. Explain AT&T
color code for straight cable and cross cable
Answer
:
Orange/white
orange
green/white
3. what is
bandwidth of of CAT5 cable
Answer
: 100 Mbps
4. What is the
recommanded CAT5 cable length between switch and PC ?
Answer
: 100 meters
5. When to use
cross cable and straight cable
Answer
:
Similar
device = cross cable
eg. switch to switch
PC to PC, Hub to HUB, Switch to HUB,PC to
router, router to router
Unsimilar
device = straight cable
eg.
PC to switch, PC to HUB,Router to Switch
6.
Which pins are used in CAT5 cables
Answer
: pin no. 1,2,3,6
pin
1 = tx +
pin
2 = tx -
pin
3 = rx +
pin
6 = rx -
7. difference
between domain and workgroup
Answer
:
Domain Workgroup
a.
centralized network model decentralized
network
b.
Domain is controlled by DC No
centrailzed control
c.
Centralised login Local login
d.
centrailsed user database local user
databased
e.
Easy and centrailsed management NA
f.
good for large network good for small
network
8. Different types
of LAN topologies
a.
Bus topology = 10base2 (Thinnet)
= 10base5 (Thicknet)
b.
Star topology = 10baseT (ethernet, 10 mbps)
= 100baseTx (fastethernet, 100 mbps)
= 100baseFX (fastethernet with Fibre)
= 1000baseTX (gigabit ethernet, 1000 mbps)
= 1000basefx (gigabit ethernet with fibre)
c.
WAN toplogies = PSTN (Public switched telephone network)
= ISDN (Integrated switched digital network)
= Frame Relay
= Leased Line
= DSL (Digital subscriber line)
= ATM (Async Transfer Mode)
9. Explain in short
about all 7 layers of OSI
Application
layer = user interface and application
Presentation
layer = Data conversion and
transformation
session
layer = keep data of diff. application
seperately
transport
layer = end to end connectivity using
port numbers.
network
layer = logical addressing like IP address.
Data
link layer = Physical addressing like MAC address.
Physical
layer = Physical transmission of data
using 0's and 1's.
DHCP, DNS and WINS
1. What is DNS ?
Answer
: It is used to resolve FQDN to IP address.
2. Types of Zone in
DNS ?
Answer
: Forward Lookup - it is used to resolve FQDN to IP
Reverse
lookup - it is used to resolve IP to FQDN
3. Types of DNS
Zone ?
Primary
Zone :
Secondary
Zone :
AD
integrated Zone :
Stub
Zone :
4. what is NSlookup
?
Answer
: it is a tool used troubleshoot DNS related issues.
5 What is DHCP ?
Answer:
DHCP is used to automatically provide IP address to client computers.
6. Explain DHCP 4
packets.
Discover
= client sends request for IP.
Offer
= DHCP server send and Offer with IP address.
Request
= if clients accepts the IP it sends a request to DHCP.
Ack
= DHCP server sends ack for the same.
7. What is client
reservation in DHCP ?
Answer
: to reserve a specific IP for a specific machine or host.
8. What is WINS ?
Answer
: It is used to resolve NetBIOS Computer name to IP address.
9. Which port
number DHCP uses?
Answer
: DHCP uses UDP port number 67 and 68.
BASIC
NETWORKING CONCEPTS
1) What is Web
Server ?
Answer
: Web server is a server or application server which host or stores websites.
Every
web site should have a name like www.vision.com and IP address. Eg. IIS, Apache
server,
etc.
2) What is mail
server ?
Answer
: Mail server is a software which maintains user mailboxes. eg : Exchange
server
,
Lotus domino, etc
3) What is mail
client ?
Answer
: A sofware used by client to access to mails stores on mail server. using mail
client
software you can send mail and receive mail. Eg : Microsoft Outlook, Outlook
Express,
Lotus notes, etc.
4) What is Proxy
server ?
Answer
: It is a software used for sharing of internet connection. Eg. Wingate,
Winproxy,
Analog
proxy, etc.
5)
Port numbers for various application and services
There
are total 65536 ports available. Below are the list of some well-known ports.
LDAP : 389,Kerberos : 88,DNS : 53,SMTP
: 25,POP3 : 110,Telnet : 23,NNTP
: 119,IMAP : 143
RPC : 135,HTTP
: 80,HTTPS / SSL : 443,FTP : 21
6) What is firewall
?
Answer
: It is a software used to provide security to your network by not allowing
unauthorized
access to your Internal network from External users. Eg : PIX firewall,
Checkpoint
firewall, etc.
1) Which protocol
is used by ADS for time sync. between PC's?
Answer
: SNTP (Simple network time protocol)
2) What is RPC
protocol ?
Answer
: RPC stands for Remote Procedure Call. It uses port number 135. RPC is an
inter-process
communication technique that allows client and server software to
communicate.
3) What is COM ?
Answer
: Component Object Model (COM) is Microsoft's object-oriented programming
model
that defines how objects interact within a single application or between
applications.
4) What is SNMP ?
Answer
: SNMP stands for Simple Network Management Protocol). This protocol is
used
to monitor and manage network devices like Switches, Routers, Servers, etc.
SNMP
uses
port UDP port number 161 and 162.
Networking TCP layer interview
questions and answers
|
Latest answer: TCP ensures reliable and end to end delivery of segments of
information. Segments are acknowledged to the source when received by the
destination.......................
Read answer
Latest answer: The UDP is a connectionless, unreliable service. UDP
messages can be lost and duplicated.................
Read answer
Latest answer: TCP windowing concept is primarily used to avoid congestion
in the traffic. It controls the amount of unacknowledged data a sender
can send before it gets an acknowledgement...............
Read answer
Latest answer: Transmission control Protocol is used to establish
communication between nodes or networks and exchange data packets. It
guarantees delivery of data packets in the order they were
sent.....................
Read answer
Latest answer: User Data Protocol is a communication protocol. It is
normally used as an alternative for TCP/IP. However there are a number of
differences between them. UDP does not divide data into
packets.....................
Read answer
Latest answer: TCP guarantees the delivery of data. UDP on the other hand,
does not guarantee delivery of data. TCP delivers messages in the order
they were sent. UDP has no ordering mechanisms....................
Basic Networking questions :-
1. What is the length of ipv6? Important
Interview networking questions
Ans:- 128 bit
2. Where is the hub specified in the OSI model?
Ans:- Physical layer
3. Difference between TCP and UDP?
Ans:a) TCP is
Transmission control protocol.
b) It is connection oriented.
c) Reliable
d) Uses checksum to detect errors.
UDP-
a) UDP is user datagram
protocol.
b) It is connectionless.
c) Non reliable.
d) No acknowledgement.
4. What is a gateway? Networking questions
Ans:-Gateway is a device
that connects two dissimilar networks. It is in application layer.
5. Name the two routing protocols?
Ans:-RIP & OSPF (intra
domain routing protocol)
6. What is the advantage of OSPF protocol?
Ans:-OSPF(open shortest
path first) based on link state routing protocol. It handle routing
efficiently and in timely manner.
7. What are the different layers in the OSI
model? Basic Networking questions
Ans:- Different layers of
OSI model:
8. What is a firewall? Basic Networking questions
Ans:-Firewall is a network
that protects internet from unauthorized access. It is need for every
computer system. proxy firewall is a type of firewall.
9. Difference between intra domain and inter domain routing
protocol?
Ans:-Routing within an
autonomous system is referred as intra domain routing protocol and
routing between an autonomous system is called as inter domain routing
protocol.
10. Name the ports used by FTP protocol?
Ans:- FTP is file transfer
protocol. It copies file and transfer from one system to another
port no is 20 for connection and port 21 is for data transfer.
11. Define Network?
Ans:- A network is a
collection of devices which are connected by means of physical media
links or it is connection of two or more nodes in a recursive manner by a
physical link.
Basic Networking interview
questions
12. What is a Link? basic networking questions
Ans:- Link is a
physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fibre that connects two
or more computers directly which form a network.
13. What is a node?
Ans:- Links are physical
medium that connects two or more computers directly and the computer it
connects is called as nodes.
14. State the advantages of Distributed Processing?
Ans:- The advantages are:-
a. Security/Encapsulation
b. Distributed database
c. Faster Problem solving
d. Security by means of redundancy
e. Collaborative Processing
15. Mention the factors by which a network performance is
affected?
Ans:-
a. No. of Users
b. Transmission medium type
c. Hardware
d. Software
16. Name the factors that affect the reliability of the
network? basic networking questions
a. Failure frequency
b. Network Recovery time after a failure
17. What are the key elements of protocols?
Ans:- The key elements of
protocols are as follows:-
a. Syntax
It refers to the format of the data, the order in which they are
represented.
b. Semantics
It refers to the meaning of each section of bits.
c. Timing
Timing refers to: When data should be sent and how fast.
18. Mention the key design issues of a computer
Network?
Ans:- The Key design issues
are as follows:-
a. Connectivity of the
network
b. Cheap resource Sharing
c. Common Services will have support
d. Performance of the network
19. Define Bandwidth and Latency? basic networking
questions
Ans:- Performance of
network is measured in Bandwidth called throughput and Latency
called Delay. Network bandwidth is the number of bits which can be
transmitted over the network over a certain period of time. Latency
refers to the time taken by a message to travel from one end of network
to another. It is strictly measured in terms of time.
20. Describe the situation when a switch is said
to be congested?
Ans:- It is possible that a
switch for an extended period of time can receives packets faster than
the shared link can accommodate and stores in its memory, then the switch
will eventually run out of buffer space, and some packets has to be
dropped & is said to be congested state.
21. Describe semantic gap?
Ans:- A useful
channel includes both two things that is to understand the applications
requirements and recognize underlying technology limitations. The gap
between what applications expects or desires and what the underlying
technology can provide or give is called semantic gap.
22. Which layers are user support layers?
Ans:- User support layers
are as follows:-
a. Session layer
b. Presentation layer
c. Application layer
23. What is Error Detection? What are the methods?
Ans:- During
transmission data can get corrupted. In order to have a reliable
communication errors must be deducted and corrected. Error Detection uses
the concept of redundancy by means of which it adds extra bits to detect
errors at the destination. The error detection methods are as follows:-
a. Vertical Redundancy Check
b. Longitudinal Redundancy Check
c. Cyclic Redundancy Check
d. Checksum
24. What are Data Words?
Ans:- In block coding,
message is divided into blocks, each of k bits, called data words. The
same data word is always encoded as the same code word.
25. What is Framing?
Ans:- The work of framing
in the data link layer is to separate a message from one source to a
destination, or from other messages to other destinations, by adding a
sender & destination address. The destination address is the address
of the packet where it has to go and the sender address helps the
recipient acknowledge the receipt.
26. What is Error Control ?
Ans:- Error detection and
error correction is called as error control. If any frame is lost or
damaged in transmission than the receiver inform it to that particular
sender and ask to retransmit those frames by the sender. In the data link
layer, error control refers primarily to methods of error detection and
retransmission.
27. What is utility of sequence number in Reliable
Transmission?
Ans:- The protocol
specifies that frames numbering has to be done using sequence numbers. A
field is added to the data frame section in order to hold the sequence
number of that frame. As we want to minimize the frame size which will
provide unambiguous communication. The sequence numbers can wrap around.
28. What is MAC address?
Ans:- Media Access
Control (MAC) layer is the device address in the network architecture.
MAC address is unique and is usually stored in ROM on the network adapter
card.
29. What is the difference between TFTP and FTP
application layer protocols?
Ans:- In order to obtain
files from a remote host trivial file transfer protocol is used but it
does not provide reliability or security. The File Transfer Protocol
(FTP) is the standard mechanism which is by TCP / IP to copy a file from
one host to another. TCP offer services that are reliable and secure.
Two connections are established between the hosts, one for data transfer
and another for control information.
30. What are major types of networks explain it?
Ans:- Two major
types-Server-based network: In this there is centralized control of
network resources and it depends on server computers for security as well
as network administration
Peer-to-peer network: In this the computers can act as both sharing
resources servers as well as clients using the resources.
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